From King Tabinshweihti's death (c. 1550) to the fall of Ava (c. 1555) (UKII:223-252)

The Mon Restoration (1550) to the Recapture of Ava (1555):
The Burmese Chronicle (UKII:223-252)

UKII:223 Tamein Saw-htut receives the title Se-ka-waw and starts to rule.

As to the governor of Sittaung Thamein Sawhtut after assassinating the king, by catching all those ministers, generals, and young men born of noble families, by catching them all, he killed them. Some of them fled to Hanthawaddy. Some of them fled to Toungoo and some to Motama. Then only by taking those elephants, horses, and troops together with Mintayashweihti and by giving the oath of allegiance to those ministers, generals, and leaders who had the same desire as him (who plotted with him). By receiving the title Thamein Sekawaw he was reigning over the town named Sittaung. Later by marching to Hanthawaddy, he reigned in Hanthawaddy. When Mintayashweihti passed away, the minister Turinthiha who was ordered to stay near the king by running away from the camp. When he got a small boat and together with the help of his eight slaves steering the boat he crossed over to the place called Mayeigun. At about 9pm he arrived at Hanthawaddy. Because of the arrival of Tuyinthiha when the queen of Bayinnaungdaw heard everything by writing these facts she sent to the son born of a noble family (Bayinnaung) who was dwelling in Dala. As to the younger brother of Bayinnaung nyi-daw Thihathu by surrounding horses, elephants, and troops from Hanthawaddy by marching to Toungoo violently and by repairing moats, canals, and fortifications, by receiving the title Minkaung he started revolting again. As to Tamein Sawhtu by receiving the title Tamein Sekawaw and after staying at Sittaung for about one and a half months since he heard that Thihathu had already gone over to Toungoo from Hanthawaddy he marched over to Hanthawaddy. When he arrived there he ascended the throne and started ruling from there. As to the king of Prome Thadodammayaza by receiving the title Thadaw he was revolting from Prome (List of towns) staying in their towns very strongly. As to the three sights of the Talaing kingdom, they were all revolting accordingly.

By arranging back all those cities and villages which were located both in the east and the west bank of the Irrawaddy river and also keeping outposts both near and far, he went back to Hanthawaddy the capital both by water and overland troops in the year 906 (1544) during the month of Wagaung.

UKII:224 The elder bother of the king’s arrangement in Dala

When Kyawhtinnawratha, the elder brother of the king heard about everything through the messenger Tuyin Tiha sent by his queen, he summoned Burmese ministers, Talaing ministers, Shan ministers, and had discussions with them. Some of the ministers told him to attack Hanthawaddy and remain there strongly. Then only would it be better for them. But some of the ministers suggested to him that it would be better to take his queen from Hanthawaddy first and remain in Dala in strength. From there they would suppress Hanthawaddy and Thayekittaya (Prome). At that time one of the ministers named Yan-aung-bala said that the present situation of the kingdom was not united anymore like a bunch of bamboos, when it was tightened up it was there together, but when the tightly bound bundle was released, all the bamboos would be dispersed in disorder. The same thing was happening ot the kingdom, such as Burmese, Shans, and Talaings were not united anymore. But Dala city was the one which used to be in the Talaing kingdom. When they considered over the Talaing’s strength, they were very strong like bees from a beehive which could not be poked with our fingers. As to the Burmese people, since they were very few over there, he suggested that they better march back to Ketumadi the home town (capital) of the king’s father by giving the oath of allegiance to Talaing big ministers over those cities, viz. Dagon, Dala, Danupyu, Kuhtut, Hintada, and Laing.

Then his majesty the king’s elder brother by saying what Yanaungbala was speaking to be very appropriate, he gave the oath of allegiance to those cities and villages which were located in the western regions. He crossed over from Dagon and marched to Ketumadi both day and night very violently together with elephants, horses, and many troops. From there they arrived to Dawut forest. From there they arrived to Makaw without entering into Hanthawaddy, they passed by Dakyan mountain and marched ahead. At Dakyon mountain Tamein Sekawaw came to attack Binyadala together with elephants, horses, and troops. Even though they came to attack them in that way, without paying any attention, he marched forwards. As to e.g. like a king won who ruled over three thousand forests when he was roaming about as he did not pay any attention to the howlings of foxes or jackals who were intending to harm him, nor even frighten the least, so did the king. When they arrived at the place called Ngakawwe his queen came to join with them from Hanthawaddy riding on a golden palanquin together with all her maids and attendants. Then only did he come to know that his younger brother Thihathu by receiving the title king Minkaung was already revolting against Toungoo.

From there, about ten taings (about twenty miles) before reaching to Toungoo, by remaining at the plain which was located at the eastern part of Ywateitgyi and oserved for the place to build their regiments and battalions. He found out that in the eastern part it was near Paunglang river. And it was about one camp’s distance from Toungoo. When his sages told him that the place was indeed appropriate, he remained in Myat-teit village by setting up his regiments. At that time, the one who had to hold official frock coat called Talaing Matameet Byatamat the governor of Hlakyon and a Shan minister named Pyatsateit all three of them went back to Hanthawaddy to fetch their wives, sons, and daughters, only when they arrived on the way (?). As to his majesty the king, by renaming the stockade called Myoteityepote (plain) as “Zeyawati” he entered there together with his many troops and remained there as king.

UKII225: Ways of their considerations for their future affairs

About two months later, he summoned his younger brother Zeyakyawhtin, his younger brother (the middle one out of three) Nandayawda, ministers, generals, dawbanya and the rest of them and asked them, whether it would be appropriate to march to Hanthawaddy and suppress it before they could unite and become very strong or by arranging everything to be in proper order at the place they were dwelling first and thus marched to Toungoo some of the ministers said that it would be more appropriate to march to Hanthawaddy first and suppress it but some of the ministers said it would be more appropriate to march to Toungoo first by gathering all those Talaings and Burmese who were hiding themselves from the place where they were dwelling. At that time one of the ministers called Thirizeyanawratha said that when they considered about the present affairs seriously, it was not an affair to be done slowly. Rather it was to be donw very urgently especially they should suppress these big warriors ahead of time. As to his younger brother king Minkaung he was not a native of Toungoo. He was just there temporarily. That’s why it would be more appropriate to march to Toungoo before they could be united and arranged properly. As to Bawashinmintayagyi by saying what Thirizeyanawrata had spoken was more appropriate, he arranged everything to march to Toungoo. Meanwhile he dreamed that in a bunch of mango there were five mangos. He plucked the one from the top of the others and ate it.” As regards to the dream, they read that his younger brother by receiving the title Minkaung he ruled over Keytumadi. When he dreamed, he dreamed that he ate the very top mango of the bunch (in Burmese the very top means “a-kaung” which is equivalent to the name of the king “min-kaung”. That’s why they foretold that they would capture the whole of Keytumadi town together with his younger brother.

At that time in Hanthawaddy Tamein Sawhtut by marching from Sittaung he ascended the throne in Hanthawaddy. Because of his ministers were not united, three months later, he was dethroned. They invited Tamein Htaw Yama from Modedama and raised him over the throne.

UKII:226 About the taking of asylum of Talaing people. As to those who were in Hanthawaddy: Timontaya 1 (?), Sandayoda (1), Yeiyoda 1, Turinbala 1, Taragamu 1, Tapomu 1, Banya-pru-ta-ein-mudi 1, all these people by saying that they would not be the slaves of Talaing people together with their sons and wives and all their attendants, altogether over 3000 people, they at the royal feet of the king. As from the side of Motama: Eprit 2 (?), Sandayathi 1, Baitkamin 1, together with these three people, sons of generals, ministers, ten of them together with their sons and wives and slaves, over 100 people arrived at the royal feet. From Toungoo also Bayasiya 1 (?), Simakalakyawtu 1, Toungoo tayeihmu 1, Atwintinhmu 1, these three people in the past when Mintayashweihti was no more and Minkaung was marching towards Toungoo by running away from Toungoo they hid in the forest. Only after two months later to the royal feet together with attendants over 700 people they arrived. As to his majesty the king to all those ministers, generals, and leaders arriving there, by giving gifts and giving an oath they had to work for him.

UKII:227 marching Towards Toungoo and Encircling it:

The only to be able to march to Ketumadi the arrangements were Leiyayei…dain(?) with 1000 horse and army, Thulinbala with 1000 horse and army, as to these two horse armies they had to march from the front, from behind them Thirizeyakyawhtin 1 (?) army, his middle younger brother who was his younger brother Nandayoda 1 army, and the youngest brother Minyekyawhtu 1 army, and his son Min-ye-kyaw-swa 1 army, Thirizeiyahawyata (?) 1 army, Letweibeiya 1 army, Nyauthtaunghmu (north-south gate leader) 1 army, Bayanandathatu 1 army, Eimontaya 1 army, Thiridama 1 army, Nandazeithu 1 army, then only his majesty the king together with the main army he marched. As to the armies Nandathatu was appointed to be commander in chief and Yazataman to be second in command. Together with two horse armies in those 12 armies there were altogether 100 fighting elephants, 2000 horses, and 80,000 soldiers. Thus they had to march overland. As to those troops who had to advance by river: Yazabala 1 army, Nandayoda 1 army, Yazathinkyan 1 army, Suntharathi 1 army, Zeitbyei 1 army, Bayathinkyan 1 army, as to these six boat armies, Bayathinkyan was appointed to be general. Tharakamu and Toungoo Thiyeihmu were appointed to be commanders. As to those horse armies there were altogether 130 big boats and nice big boats, altogether 70, and they had to march together with 16,000 soldiers, they had to carry along also big cannons to destroy the city walls. In that by arranging by waterway and overland troops in the year 912 (1550) on the second waxing moon of Tawthalin on a Tuesday they left for Ketumadi when they arrived there his younger brother Thirizeiyakyawhtin 1 army and the youngest brother Minyekyawtin 1 army, Letweibeiya 1 army, Thirizeiyanawrata 1 army, Bayanandathu 1 army, these five armies together with 60 fighting elephants and 700 horses and 25,000 soldiers they had to encircle the town from the place called Kalin by settling down there. When they were encircling there like that both by waterway and overland king Minkaung came out and attacked them so they would not be able to camp there. He could nopt destroy them and when they had to build the camp the people from the inside tightened up (me with trouble).

UKII:228 The white elephant owner by receiving coronation in Toungoo is made to to be a king.

By encircling in that way and about 4 months later the ministers, generals, and leaders of the twon fled from the town. As to those who arrived at the royal feet by giving an oath of allegiance they had to work for the king. When there were no more servants the king of Toungoo Minkaung also was frightened so severely that he requested his father’s Buddhist monk to address for him that he would not be killed and that his leisurable life would not be taken from him. That’s why he had to go out from the town and address this. As to his majesty the king he said to his father’s master the aboot in this way., “When my younger brother Mintayashweihti was no longer alive we the five of us being united together and if we have to stay in Hanthawaddy will our enemies be able to destroy us? As to these facts Thiahthu was trying to plan wrongly that there was lots of killing . In that way he was not good in social affairs, Thihathu was my younger brother. I should not blame him. As to me I’ve already attained the throne, the peak. He should be able to receive my benevolence. By saying that when all the affairs were over in the year 912 (1550)on the third waxing moon of Tabodwe on a Sunday the affair was over When the affair was over and when they had conquered over it they had to announce that there would be no plundering or killing. Only then by giving the oath of allegiance to all those ministers and generals dwelling in Ketumadi they had to serve the king. In that way, after arranging in the entire kingdom by building a temporary palace, he received a coronation. As to his younger brother Thirizeiyakyawhtin, he entitled him Minyezithu and he was given a betel box with 8 lines on it, teapot and a waterjar cover, spittoon decorated with three lines of rubies and golden insignia (4 storied pagodas, small) ??, horse saddle with gold, palanquin, 9 drums, 5 silver flutes, and 5 silver trumpets. All these were given to him. As to his younger brother Nandayoda together with the title of Thadodammayaza was given the same as above (so going on awarding from p. 249 paragraph 3 up to 249 end). As to those relatives of kings, ministers, and generals, titles and positions were given appropriately, as to those elephant and horse riders and warriors they were given villages, silver, gold, and clothing. As to the royal tent that he was dwelling in together with 40 encirlcing temples by building by monastery it was offered to the Buddhist abbot Datama Guru. As to those utensils of Budhist monks all these were ornamented with red color and offered there. As to the Theriti twin pagodas from the top right up to the floor he applied gold sheet to them.

UKII:229 discussions about affairs

Then only to be in proper order in Toungoo he summoned his sons, younger brothers, generals, and ministers, asked them which could be more appropriate, i.e. either marching to Hanthawaddy or make a tryout march to Yadanapura. Some of the ministers said it would be better for the king to remain in Ketumadi and just appointing his younger brothers and sons to make a tryout march to AvaBut some of his ministers said that they better march to Hanthawaddy before they could be properly united.

At that time Nandasithu was addressing that the king’s desire for Ketumadi was already fulfilled. In Ketumadi itself, althought there were Talaings, Burmese, Shans in groups the Burmese were very few when compared to others. They needed to look for Burmese still so that there would be more. As to Hanthawaddy being a Talaing kingdom, there would be lots of Talaings because of that , it would be more ppropriate to march to Theiyakittaya and suppress it. If they waited any longer, Tadoetu, governor of Prome would look for helping forces. Then there would be a lot of casualties.

UKII:230 By marching towards Prome, capturing villages from the outskirt areas of Prome.

As to his majesty the king, he was pleased by Nandasitu’s addressing that he arranged to march from Prome. (Names of those armies that were ordered to march there.) Let-ya-yei-taing – 1 army, , etc.

(Names of troops – from p. 251 in the first paragraph about 10 lines)

Including those five horse armies, the 17 armies were composed of 250 fighting elephants, 3000 horses, 90,000 soldiers. They marched to Theiyakittaya in the year 912 (1550) on the 6th waxing moon of Tagu. He appointed his son the Mahaupayaza, younger brother Minkaung, and Bayatinkyan to watch over the city together with elephants, horses, and troops.

By marching, when they arrived at Theiyakittaya they tried to suppress it several times by approaching towards the base of the city wall. Since their fortifications were very strong and having lots of arms and ammunitions they could not do anything. When they were shelled over by cannon and mortars from their enemies’ boats, they had top retreat and stayed quite apart because there were lots of hurting.

Then only, his majesty the king released an order saying that, they had been suppressing Prome city several times already but they could not succeed. His soldiers got tired for nothing. Because of that he would march to Myehte, Thayet, and the rest from the northern region and conquer them ahead of time. Only when the northern region became his tributary states, would he march to Theiyakittaya. Because his younger brother tadoedamayaza also said that it was really appropriate one, by drawing back his troops, they marched to Myehte. Minkyawhtin governor of Myehte, Bayayawda, governor of Leh-kaing, Bayatinkyan, governor of Malun, Letweyawda, governor of Sakut, governor of Mabe, overnor of of Myinkoon, governor of Mindone, governor of Taingta, governor of Mintat, all these governors, by bringing their sons and daughters, big elephants, big horses, and other gifts, they came to take refuge in him. Then only by giving the oath of allegiance to all those governors, they had to work for him. By reconstructing Myehte to be strong enough, he left his younger brother Thadodammayaza, another younger minyekyawhtin, together with those governors from Sakut, Salin, Magwe, Malun, Pyinta, Pale, accordingly in Myehte together with elephants, horses, and troops and went back to Ketumadi and Wednesday 2nd waxing moon of Waso in the year 913 = 1553 A.D.

UKII:231 Second marching to Prome

About one month later soon after arriving at Ketumadi, one of the ministers of the king of Prome named Yazamanaw fled from Prome and arrived to Ketumadi. As to his majesty the king, by calling Yazamanaw who came from Prome and asked him about Prome. Then Yazamanaw from Prome said that ministers from Prome tried to address to Tadoetu king of Prome that his majesty the king was a king who was filled with might and wisdom. Since the time of Bawashinmintashwehti he was respected and trusted by both Burmese and Shan ministers that they were still working for him. Since those ministers were persons who would always lay down their lives for him that towns from northern regions and southern regions all became his tributariy states already. Because of that, those ministers told him to surrender towards his majesty the king, Tadoetu refused to do that. He also said that he would try to resist by himself. When he could not, together with 10,000 soldiers by riding on his elephant called Nagawara, they would pierce through the surrounding troops and flee to Rakaing by the path of Uyinput. Some ministers and chieftains were not united anymore, he asked his majesty the king to march urgently for it would be easy to conquer. When the king asked about it to the chief of the Buddhist monks and elderly monks by considering over that fact they all agreed that it would be so. That’s why he arranged for marching very urgently.

(names of troops from pg. 252 last three lines to pg. 253 – the fourth line)

Together with four horse armies those fourteen armies were composed of two hundred fifty fighting elephants, three thousand horses, and 90,000 soldiers. By appointing his younger brother Min-situ and his son the Mahaupayaza to watch over Ketumadi city and marched to Tayekittaya on Thursday 6th waning moon of Tawthalin in the year 913 = 1551 to those who were already in Myehte, viz his younger brothers Thadodamayaza and Minyekyawtin together with those governors from the northern region, he ordered them to march to Prome that they had to march both by water and overland. According to the king’s order, Thadodammayaza and the rest, by marching to Prome, when they arrived there, together with his majesty the king, they encamped at the place called Panmatu.

UKII:232 How Toungoo Minkaung seized Tadoetu the governor of prome

As to the two armies led by the Toungoo king Minkaung and Thirizayanawrata without encamping, they marched right up to the city. In the year 913 = 1551 on the very waning moon of Tawthalin during the night somewhere around 8 p.m. he broke the southern main gate by dashing with his elephants Sawyannin when the gate was destroyed and open, he marched right up to Tadoetu’s house and arrested him . When he got Tadoetu, he handed him over to the king. As to his majesty the king, by saying that Tadoetu the governor of prome denied to be his servant insisted he was planning to be the slave of the king of Rakaing by turning away he beheaded Tadoetu. Later he felt sorry for doing that. When he conquered over the whole Tayekittaya starting from ministers who in Prome, he gave the oath of allegiance to the whole city.

Then only by giving four golden carts together with the regalia of a king to his younger brother Tadoedammayaza, he was appointed governor of Prome.

As to his younger brother king Minkaung, he was pleased by his younger brother’s deed that he gave his younger brother two bracelets which were made of rubies, a ring made of rubies, and an official frock coat (all of these had been worn by the king himself) together with four carts of gold. To all those ministers and generals who could do very well in battle he gave positions, villages, gifts, accordingly.

Uzana, the governor of Tayawadi, Tamein Yehtinyan the governor of Danupyu also came to take refuge in him by taking lots of arms and gifts.

Then only by remaining in Prome for about 10 days, he arranged everything in Prome to be in proper order. Then only did he march to Sale, Pakan, and Pagan. Before arriving, the governor of Sale came to surrender to him by bringing big elephants, big horses, his ons and his daughters. As to the governor of Pagan, to those who marched from the frontier lines, he resisted against them. When his majesty the king arrived there, they suppressed them both by water and by overland. Then soldiers from both Ava and Pakannge ran away. When those people ran away, the governor of Pagan came to surrender by taking lots of gifts and arms because he was afraid that he would be killed. He got Pagan. Soon after giving Pagan to his uncle Minsitu, departed from it and marched to Ava both by water and overland. When they arrived to Kyat-talone and while they were arranging to encircle Ava and suppress it, he heard that Hanthawaddy was attacking Hinganwe town which was included in his kingdom. Because of that his soldiers had to run away. By leaving from Kyaut-talone when he arrived to Pagan he loaded elephants, horses, and marched down by waterway very swiftly. He ordered those troops from overland to march day and night without resting. By floating, when he arrived to Myehte, he ordered his younger brother Minyekyawhtine to march to Toungoo urgently together with elephants, horses, and troops.

UKII:233:In Tayekittaya the king of Ava Mobyenaratpati came to surrender

As to his majesty the king, by floating down to Tayekittaya, he arranged to march to Hanthawaddy with the governor of Myehte one army, governor of Sakut one army, governor of Pakannge one army, nawrata governor of Tayawati one army, Yetinyan governor of Danupyu one army, his younger brother Tadoedammayaza king of Prome one army, all together in these six armies Tadoedammayaza was appointed to be general over them. They were composed of three thousand fighting boats, 100 destroying boats, 100 big boats for carrying provisions, and forty thousand soliders. While they were arranging like that, Mobye Narapati king of Ava by taking all his sons and daughters together with troops came to surrender, because he could not resist against Sigaing Situkyawhtin. Since his majesty the king felt pity upon him, he had to stay nicely with all his regalia as he used to enjoy before. To be able to rebuild three zayats (rest houses) instead of those resthouses from Myattitinn pagoda which were burnt down, he offered thjose jewels which he put on his own body such as bracelets made of rubies, and rings made of rubies, the teapot with which he used to eat, the cover of a waterjar, etc.

UKII:234 About the marching of the white elephant owner to Hanthawaddy.

As to his majesty the king, by floating down to Tayekittaya, he arranged to march to Hanthawaddy with the governor of Myehte one army, governor of Sakut one army, governor of Pakannge one army, nawrata governor of Tayawati one army, Yetinyan governor of Danupyu one army, his younger brother Tadoedammayaza king of Prome one army, all together in these six armies Tadoedammayaza was appointed to be general over them. They were composed of three thousand fighting boats, 100 destroying boats, 100 big boats for carrying provisions, and forty thousand soldiers. While they were arranging like that, Mobye Narapati king of Ava by taking all his sons and daughters together with troops came to surrender, because he could not resist against Sagaing Situkyawhtin. Since his majesty the king felt pity upon him, he had to stay nicely with all his regalia as he used to enjoy before. To be able to rebuild three zayats (rest houses) instead of those resthouses from Myattitinn pagoda which were burnt down, he offered those jewels which he put on his own body such as bracelets made of rubies, and rings made of rubies, the teapot with which he used to eat, the cover of a waterjar, etc.
Only then by following Auranarapati they marched to Ketumadi. When they arrived there they arranged ahead of time about marching to Hanthawaddy. As to those armies which had to march there were Letweitain together with 1000 in an army, Letweinandathu with 1000 horses in an army, Thuriraza together with 1000 horses in an army, Thuyinbala together with 1000 horses in an army, as to these five horse armies they had to march from the frontier line, then only from behind them, Bayakyawtu one army, Tharapya one army, governor of Dagyan one army, Nandathuriya one army, Thirizeyanawrata one army, Meinmaha one army, sithukyawhtin one army, Thirisithu one army, Nandakyawtin one army, Bayakyawtu one army, Nadaunmya one army, Uzana one army, Younger brother of the king Minyekyawtin one army, as to these 13 armies, his younger brother Minyekyawtin was appointed to be commander in chief and Bayayandatu was to be second in command. As to the army of his younger brother king of Toungoo Minkaung, Thayabyanchi was appointed to be general as to his younger brother Minyesithu’s army, Letweyoda was appointed to be general. As to the army of his son Mahaupayaza Sekute was appointed to be general. Then only did the king with his main army march. As to the army of the king he appointed Nandathinkyan to be commander, Nandakyawtu to be second in command. Together with those four horse armies there were altogether 20 armies. They were composed of 400 fighting elephants, 5000 horses, and 110,000 soldiers thus they had to march in the year 913 (1551) the sixth waxing moon of Tagu on a Sunday from Ketumadi they marched from Ketumadi, they encamped at the southern side of Kebaung at the place called Yangun Aungtin. From there they encamped at the camp called Ya-aung-myo-hti from there they encamped at Aung-tin-tazi camp, from there they encamped at His-ngan-taung, from Ketumadi right up to Hanthawaddy they encamped at 13 camps and finally arrived at their desitination. They gave each camp a name. When they arrived at the camp called Yadana Thirizeyanawrata addressed the king. As to Thamein Tawrama who has come to rule over Ramanya state there are many ministers who are really crooked and who know that they intend to have some device/trick upon us. That’s why by splitting fron and back liens we better find out what is going on there, he addressed the king in this way. By appointing those five horse armies that have to amrch from the frontier line to Uzana as the commander of the troops Theiyazithu to be second in command together with 5000 horses they have to march ahead of time. When they were attacked by the elephants corps they were forced to retreat. As to Tamein Tawrama they pursued him. As to those facts when Uzana was addressing when he heard about by spreading the frontier line /battlefield and after arranging everything in proper order he appointed his younger brother Minyezitu to ride on Yadana pyaung kyaw which had the height of over 10 feet together with golden saddle being shadowed by white umbrella that they were encircled by golden shields soldiers and also from the left and right side 10 helping elephants that he had to welcome Tamein Tawrama. As to his majesty the king, he rode on Upotada elephant which was ornamented (fully decorated) with gold, rubies, and other precious stones and by holding elephant ear striker which is decorated with precious stones he was marching. He kept on Sitabatu on the middle of the saddle, Zeiyabala had to sit from the behind, and those gol;den spear holders from Mone who were altogether over 3000 had to accompany from the outskirt area of the elephant. Those who were golden shields 3000 and Shwei ka golden shields 3000 they had to march nearby the royal elephant. As to those gun holders over 400 of them by putting golden short helmets and put on red trousers they had to march along from the left, right, front, and back of the king. As to those helping elephants 15 had to march along from the left and 15 from the right, upon them by loading one small canon each, that young ministers had to accompany the king. As to his younger brother king Minkaung and younger Minyekyawtin and those commanders and generals they had to spread their battlefields and remain there ready. At that time Situringa (the one who had to ride from the middle of the saddle) of his elephant addressed “Now while Tamein Tawrama is marching towards us we had better appoint our horse riders to ride to Hanthawaddy and burn down the residence then only Talaing soldiers will be frightened, “said him As to his majesty by saying that these affairs were really difficult appointed Letweiyeitaung together with 1000 soldiers to march from the left way burning down the residences. As to Letyanandathu together with his 1000 horses to march from the right way they had to burn down the residences. While he was appointing like Tamein Tawrama by riding on his elephant Chechin saddled with gold and together with his kingly regalia and being encircled by lots of soldiers he was setting for violently. As to the king’s younger brother Minyezeithu he was trying to welcome Tamein tawrama to attack with him elephant to elephant. As to Tamein Tawrama when he saw Minyezithu without attacking him he marched towards his majesty the king severely. As to the king when he saw that Tamein Tawrama was marching towards him violently he grabbed the golden water jar from his elephant and shouted, “If I am the king who can bring for the benefits of religion and people may I be able to conquer over Tawrama within a short moment as he makes this oath/ prayer he drops water drop by drop pouring water over the elephant’s head. All of a sudden the sky clouded over, lightning struck, and the earth shook. As to the birds of the sky such as doves and others by shouting noisily from the front of his elephant, shouting noisily they marched along with him. As to the golden jar from which he poured water drop by drop it dropped from his hands to the land.

UKII:235 While the white elephant owner was attacking Tamein Tawrama elephant to elephant.

As to his majesty the king when the golden jar dropped from his hand he felt uneasy in his mind (discouraged / resolve was broken) as to those facts when the Talaing minister who had received the title Tamein Baru saw it, he addressed him in this way. Attack right now and your desire for Tamein Tawrama will be fulfilled and you will have to rule over land and water said him. As to his majesty the king when he saw Tamein Tawrama was clashing with his elephant he attacked him back by dashing. Since the strength of the elephants was equal they were dashing together for quite a long time. When they could dash together by letting his royal elephant U Pa tat a retreat and by taking strength for speed he set out with full speed. As to the elephant that Tamein Tawrama rode it was pierced through by the tusks of U Po Ta Ta. The whole tusks of the elephant went out. As to the elephant rode by Tamein Tawrama named Sinchichin fell on the spot there. As to U Po Ta Ta ridden by the king the tusks from the right side were broken about one foot in length. As to Tamein Tawramathe king struck him with his elephant ear striking rod it hit on the back of Tamein Tawrama. As to Tamein Tawrama’s slave Tamein Zeitbyei together with his elephant Shweilaman he clashed against the king severely that it had to attack with his royal elephant U Po Ta Ta As to the elephant ridden by Tamein Zeipyei he fell on the spot again. When Tamein Emaret together with his elephant called Pyeigyi by putting on white umbrella when he was going to dash to fight against the king’s younger brother Minyekyawtin together with the elephant named Lutlin which was with liquor on his nose (musthing?) received him (?). As to the elephant ridden by Tamein Enarit Hsin pye Gyi it was frightened that it ran away. Then only his soldiers, elephants, riders, horse riders, and cavalry all pursued after them and attacked that the Talaing people were destroyed and fled away. They took many elephants, horses, and war captives. As to Tamein Tawrama he descended from his elephant and mounted a horse and together with all those he could gather he retreated to resist from Hanthawaddy. In Hanthawaddy also due to the burning of horse riders and the whole town was burning and when they were resisted by horse riders since they dare not enter into the town they fled to the western side. As to the king when his desire for Tamein Tawrama was fulfilled by entering into Hanthawaddy and he stayed there. As to when Tamein Tawrama fled away some of the Talaing ministers by taking those elephants and horses left they came to surrender under the royal feet. As to those who were arriving by giving gifts and receiving oaths they have to serve the king. As to those governors who had to govern over the eastern region of Motama together with their big elephants and horses and sons and daughters and gifts they came to be the slaves of the king. As to those people by giving the oath of allegiance accordingly they were given with tittles and positions that they were given back with their former towns and leisures. When he was attacking with Tamein Tawrama those who could have bravely in the fighting especially those ministers, generals, commanders, and warriors they were awarded with titles and postions and gifts accordingly and also given villages and towns. As to his younger brother Minyeikyawtin he was given a betel box with 8 lines, decorated with one line of rubies, a teapot, a waterjar cover, which was decorated with one line of precious stones and two stories of golden statues which had the significance of power and a palanquin to put on the saddle of an elephant made of gold and also seven drums.

UKII: 236 pursuing afer the flight (running away of Tamein tawrama)

In that way after staying about 10 days in Hanthawaddy they pursued Tamein Tawrama together with their elephants, horses, and troops. As to Tamein Tawraama he fled to Danupyu and Bassein. As to the governor of Bassein Thamein Bya Bya Bait since tamein Tawrama was marching together with elephants, horses, and troops that he dare not resist against. He had to receive him. As to his majesty the king, he marched over to Danupyu first. In the year 914 (1552) entering into that year on the 7th waxing day of the month of Kason they arrived at the front of Danupyu town . As to the marching of his younger brother Thadodammayaza from Prome when he saw that the boat armies were still in Dala he called the boat armies that and after crossing over to Dala he marched over to Bassein. As to the boat armies of his younger brother Tadodammayaza, he ordered to march over to Bassein. AS to the town of Dala, the governor of Tharawaddy Uzana, the governor of Myete Minkyawtin, the governor of Taunggyi Nataunmya, governor of Pyinta, Tayeizihu, all of these were appointed to look after the town together with their elephants and troops. Thus his majesty the king marched overland and his younger brother Thadodammayaza Thamein Yeitinkyan had to march from the waterway to Bassein. Before arriving to Bassein and about one camp away Tamein Tawrama fled from the town. As the governor of Bassein Tamein Bya Bait because Tamein Tawrama could not take (and abandon) those 100 fighting elephants and arms and ammunitionby taking all of them he welcomed his majesty the king and handed over these gifts. As to his majesty the king he was so pleased that with the title Bannyalaw he was given a golden pot, golden betel box with eight lines, a teapot, a waterjar cover, a spittoon, a palanquin to put on the elephant as saddled king made of gold and cloth woven with golden thread, 7 drums, 3 silver flutes (or musical instruments), and 2 silver trumpets and he was ordered to sky and build a five story golden house. As to his wife at the place called Paunpyan by putting in with gold she was awarded with stories of statues made of gold as a significance of her power, golden betel box, teapot, cover of a water jar, spittoon, all these were given. As to his younger brother Thadodammayaza and Thamein Yeitinyan when they heard that his majesty the king had already arrived to Bassein. By turning inside stream (?) without resting day and night all his boat armies marched quickly. At the stream named Tamaga because of the decreasing of water and three boats were loaded there and when Tamein Tawrama said it he fought over them that all these three boats were lost. When Tamein Tawrama conquered over those three boats he fought against Uzana who was appointed to watch over Dala that was destroyed also. Uzana was also killed.

UKII:237 From Bassein marching towards Dala and pursuing after him.

As to those facts when his majesty the king heard them. His younger brother king Minkaung one army, governor of Bassein Bannyalaw one army, Thirizeiyanawrata one army, Nandathinkyan one army, these four armies were given with 100 fighting elephants, 1000 horses, and 40,000 soldiers that they had to remain in Bassein strongly after that he appointed his younger brother Minyekyawtin one army, Thamein Mokin one army the two armies together with 40 fighting elephants, 1000 horses, and 20000 soldiers, they had to march from the frontier line. Then only his majesty the king he marched along with his ministers, generals, and others. As to Thamein Tawrama when he conquered those soldiers appointed over Dala to be able to attack Thadodammayaza and Yeithinyan who were appointed over Bassein he marched over to Bassein. As to Thadodammayaza together with Than town they resisted against them very strongly. Meanwhile his younger brother Minyekyawtin and the two armies were arriving that when they attacked them bravely Thamein Tawrama because he was destroyed he fled. Together with his queen and parents in law they got all those boats. When Tamein Tawrama fled his ministers and generals all by taking their horses and horses they surrendered over to the king. As to his majesty the king after conquering the battlefield and five days later he arrived there. When he arrived there by giving an oath to those who came to surrender that is ministers and generals they were given with regalia, positions, and villages, accordingly. After acting in that way he went back to Hanthawaddy in the year 914 (1552) on the first waxing moon of Waso he arrived back there.

UKII:238 Tamein Tawrama by entering into monkhood tried to hide himself .

As to the Talaing king Tamein Tawrama by making himself into a Buddhist monk together with over 10 attendants he fled to Motama. When his majesty the king arrived back to Hanthawaddy Motama 32 towns, Bassein 32 towns he appointed over them to be in proper order as to those temples and monasteries already destroyed they had to repair them. As the the ceremony of Mintayashweihti together with Anetwiyan, Anandathuriya, and Anandakyawtin, these were appointed to the gold and silver bottle (?) golden roofs, silver roofs with a sharp point at the top that to offer all these things in the cemetarry of Mintayashweihti that they had to build a pagoda there. In that way after arranging everything in the whole kingdom in the year 914 (1552) on the 10th waxing moon of Waso that is on a Thursday in the old compound he constructed a building. Within that month Waso that is on the 14th waxing moon Monday he ascended the royal house. As to those younger brothers who were appointed to look over Bassein they were his younger brother Minkaung and Thadodammayaza and his younger brother who was in Dala Minyekyawtin as to all these soldiers they were told they had top return to Hanthawaddy when they arrived there he awarded he awarded his younger brother Minyesithu together with five regalia of a king and he was given the town of Motama that he had to be a real governor of Motama. As to his younger brother the middle one Thadodammayaza with five regalia of a king he was given the town of Prome that he had to be governor there. As to his younger brother Minkaung he was given the town of Ketumadi that he had to be a governor of the king there. Apart from that, Burmese ministers, Talaing ministers, Shan ministers, all of these were given titles and positions accordingly. As to the royal tent which he built in Bassein while he was there together with the 40 surrounding temples, they had to build a big monastery that it was offered to Shin Dammaneiya. As to the pagoda named Sanda-hpaya from the very top of the pagoda right to the ground it was covered in gold (leaf).

UKII:239 Tamein Tawrama runs away from Motama again.

As to Tamein Tawrama while he was staying in the village of Motama when Motama people were about to catch him since he dared not stay in Motama he fled to Kawaw. As to the governor of Kawaw and Tweitaing when they knew that Tamein Tawrama was running away to them and when they tried to hide during the night, when they saw that he was with his five slaves cooking and eating together he was caught. When he tried to run away alone Tamein Tawrama’s back was cut with a sword. With blood covering his whole body he fled to a small village by healing himself at a monastery located in the forest by going over to the Tait Kala village he gathered people again there. As to those facts when his majesty the king heard about that Nandathinkyan one army, Bayakyawtu one army, Shweileiwu one army, as to those four armies they wwere given 1000 fighting elephants, 1000 horses, and 40,000 soldiers, that they had to march. As to Tamein Tawrama from the town called Taitkala he came over to Sittaung as to Nandathinkyan and Nawrata when they knew that they had very few weapons, horses, elephants, without hindrance they set up elephants that they started attacking vilently. When Tamein Tawrama could not resist against them he was destroyed again. In that way only with his four slaves by riding on horse he fled from Sittaung. The news came that he was hiding in the western part of the mountains that the Wa people (Qua?) were addressing to Situringatu and Letweimu were ordered

(overlap, 4th para p 262).

As to Tamein Tawrama when he could no longer resist he was destroyed. In that way he escaped with four of his slaves by riding on horses. From Sittaung Talaka people came to address the that Tamein Thawrama was hiding in the western mountains of Motama that Sithuringathu and Leiyamu were ordered to catch him by all means. As to Sithuringathu together with about 300 soldiers when they were trying to look for him by hiding they saw that they were sleeping in a tent in a paddy field that they were caught. As to Tamein Tawrama by removing his clothes he fled away naked. Together with two slaves they got good rings and precious stones over 200 that they were handed over to the king. As to his majesty the king by calling those who could foretell the future and told them. Tamein Tawrama although I tried to suppress him several times I could not catch him. As to now he is already alone and he asked him when will I get him. As to all those fortune tellers in their various ways they tried to tell the king at which time he would catch him. At that time the Brahman who was named Byuhana addressed (the end).

UKII:240 By capturing Tamein Tawrama he was beheaded

In the year 914 (1552) on the 9th waxing moon of Pyatho that is on a Saturday they had to build a new compound they had to dig a moat also. In the year 914 (1552) on the 13thwaxing moon of Tagu on a Sunday Tamein Tawrama was captured by the Tharapya people that he\was handed over. As to the fortune teller Brahman by saying that as he foretold it was urgent he was entitled with the title Mahadammayaza guru and also given a village named Tagaw village. By piling up gold he had to grab and take from this pile also. Starting from the crown prince, minister, and generals also they gave gold silver and clothing accordingly. When they got Tamein Tawrama by saying that the person who used to plan evil things he was beheaded. In that way when he conquered over his enemies, by administering upon these three site of Talaings like the surface of the water that all these areas were progressing much. To the people they also tried to give lots of arms. As to his majesty the king to all those Buddhist monks who were staying in the towns and villages from the Talaing three sides by meeting them in the Shweimodo pagoda together with the eight utensils of the king they were feasted. As to the lord of Shweimodo pagoda from the top of the pagoda right down to the ground gold was applied. According to his age he offered to let 37 people enter the monkhood. As to all those temples, monasteries and caves which had already fallen down around Hanthawaddy town by appointing his ministers they had to repair them. As to all those ministers, generals, and relatives by giving them quarters, a place to live they had to stay there. As to those people who were so poor and could not work by themselves or those who were treated badly let them ring the bell by saying that he hung a bell at the gate of his compound. That means those who were treated badly and they would like to restore justice. They had to come over there and ring the bell. As to the king of Prome, Minkaung the person who received Minkaung Shintayet when he heard that ministers and generals were entering into there a lot from Ketumadi coming over to Hanthawaddy that he was beheaded. That means that the king of Prome the person who received Minkaung Shintayet because he was trying to revolt against the king he was beheaded. As to the king of Minkaung Thiribontu together with the title Sanddewi in the year 915 (1553) was raised to be queen.

UKII:241 White elephant owner explaining about internal affairs.

Then only by surrounding all those princes, younger brothers, and sons of the king, relatives, ministers, generals, and daw-binyas surrounding himself with these people, he spoke in this way, “Now together with three sides of Talaing together with Ketumadi, Theitakittaya, and right up tot Pagan all these have become tributary states. Yudhya is also the tributary state of my younger brother. Now he does not say anything and they are staying there very strongly. Shall we march over to Ayudhya and suppress them or shall we march to Yadanabura and the whole Shan state mountain ranges and conquer over them? While he is asking in this way, the governor of Bassein Banyalaw addressed him. Ayudhya town is very hard to suppress. They have lots of horses, elephants, and soldiers. In Ayduhya therelative of the king, the ministers and generals, all of them are ready to lay down their lives serving the king. As to your younger brother the king he did not conquer over the whole country. Because Ayudhya advanced and attacked you so hastily as you marched towards Ayudhya they were not able to gain the advantage (lit. ayat-anei mathin = not get (put in) the right disposition), the Burmese were able to take the Ayudhya king’s son-in-law and younger brother captive. The Ayudhya king surrendered to Tabinshweihti in order to get back his family members. That is why if you are going to suppress, your desire for it will not be fulfilled quickly. If we are going to prolong our time there then our affairs for Yadanapura and the whole Shan state are not yet finished. Because of that you had better appoint your younger brother’s sons, ministers, and generals to make a trout march to Yadanapura said Banyalaw. When Thirizeiyanawratha heard what Banyalaw was addressing he said that this affair was indeed nice. His majesty the king also since he had been pleased by the address of Banyalaw he appointed to march over to Inwa both by waterway and overland.

UKII:242 Made a tryout marching towards Ayudhya

(Names of troops – starting from pg. 268 up to paragraph 2)

When the king of Ava Narapati-situ knew that troops from Hanthawaddy were marching towards him he sent a message to the Onpaung Sawbwa, the Bhamo sawbwa, the Mogaung sawbwa, the Mohnyin sawbwa to come and meet him. All those five sawbwa, they came down themselves with their own elephant army, horse army, etc, thus they remained in Ava with both land and water forces. They also asked governors of Myetu, Ngarane, Si-bok-taya, Sitha, Dipeyin, Kan-ni (?), and Amyin to remain in the town called Amyin with elephants, horses, and lots of soldiers and to resist from there. They also asked people from those towns, viz. Yamethin, Wati, Yindaw, Laingtet, Nyaungyan, Tagara, Pintale, and Pyinsi to resist from the town named Tayot together with elephants, horses, and soldiers. The Shan fighting boats also had to resist from the town named Tayot.

When the troops marching from Hanthawaddy led by his royal son Mahaupayaza arrived to Pagan, the king of Pagan addressed to the Mahaupayaza in this way, saying that the king’s troops from the waterway were very weak. Since the king of Ava Narapati was supported by five sawbwas, troops by waterway and land were very strong. He also said they had made a very stronghold both by water and by land from the town named Tayot. When Mahaupayaza heard about all this he gave an order to fight because he was told by his royal father to fight against these people for better or worse. If they could not win, they just had to retreat.

When king Minkaung and his troops arrived there by land and started to discuss about this affairs (?after this?) the owner of the rubies land named sawbwa Paw was saying that they had made a royal oath to be loyal and faithful to the king thus, when there were some difficulties in another on, they had to come for help. All those sawbwas by breaking their promises, they helped the king of Ava Narapati thus, they helped the king of Ava to be very strong. Due to those facts, by making a discussion they address to the king . When the king heard what was addressed by his son and the rest he called back his younger brother, sons, and the troops, i.e. both troops by water and land. (Sawbwa Paw suggests withdrawal because of the great strength of the Shan forces. Bayinnaung accedes to his request)

UKII:243 Enthronement of the white elephant owner to a new palace

In the year 915 (1553) on the 13th waxing moon of Natdaw on a Friday they built the palace they named Kambawzatadi to the place where they built the palace. Around the area of the palace, they also built queen’s houses, concubine’s houses, a treasury where they kept gold, a treasury where they kept silver and a treasury where they kept basoes. Within that year 1553 on the sixth waxing moon of Tabodwe he entered from the gate called Kaemadwarat and enthroned upon the new palace. He was entitled also as Thiritudamayaza. He also gave his first queen a title “Atgamahayti” He also gave several gifts to his generals, ministers, relatives, and the rest. He also celebrated a big feast for seven days. By asking all those respective monks from both the towns and the villages to come to the palace thus he fed them for seven days. He also gave them a lot of Basoes, shirts, money, rice, fish paste, etc. from his storages to those who were just practicing and meditating for the Buddhist religion.

He also built a big boat in the shape of a wild duck (Hintha) which covered about 220 feet in length. He also repaired those old and huge fighting boats named “Zalakabin”. They also had to build over 300 boats in various shapes, viz cart, saman (a kind of fabulous beast celebrated in regards to its tail), buffaloes, elephant, horse, saw-fish (shark), and Makan (Sea animal). They also had to build lawka kyawt lay (boat of state with a high ornamented stern over 200 and in some of them they had to fill up with gold until they were full. In some boats they had to put golden chains. On some boats they had to paint with a red color which was very bright soon after arranging all those things, he urged all those governors from Modama 32 towns, Bassein 32 towns, Hanthawaddy 32 towns, Ketumadi, Theiyakittaya, Sakut, Salin, Pagan and the rest to attend there fully dressed in their uniforms together with all their own provisions. He also asked all those governors from the cities located on the way from Toungoo to Pagan, i.e. located near the Irrawaddy river to collect and store up provisions.

In the year 1554 during the month of Waso there were disagreements between the son of the king of Rakaing and his uncle (younger brother of his father), the elder son of the king of Rakaing who was the governor of Tantwet (Sandoway?), entered into the king’s side together with his elephants, horses, and soldiers. The king by entitling him as Tiridamadawka, he gave him in marriage together with his younger brother Min Yesithu the king of Motama’s elder daughter. As regards to the king of Rakaing’s nephew Shin-yeh-myo, he gave in marriage with his daughter Myo-myat Bonesi and appointed him as the governor of Tamaw.

UKII:244 The marching of the white elephant owner to Ava

(Names of troops from pp 270-271 until the end of that page)

Together with eight horse armies there were altogether 25 armies. They were composed of 800 fighting elephants, 9000 horses, and 180,000 soldiers marching by land. He appointed his son the Mahaupayayaza and Nandatinkyan to remain in the capital Hanthawaddy to look after it. As regards to the 32 towns that were located in the eastern part of Motama since they were very closely situated with the kingdom of Zinme and the kingdom of Yudhya he appointed his younger brother Minyesithu the king of Motama, Banya-u the governor of Moulmein, Zawkarat governor of Taungpapon and Minyetinkaya governor of Ye to look after the cities together with very strong troops here included elephants and horses. The places neighboring Rakaing and Tantei were handed over under the case of governors from Daypatwe and Linpateit together with elephants, horses, and big troops.

Soon after arranging the whole kingdom in the year 1554 (916) on the fourth waxing moon of Natdaw on a Wednesday he marched from Hanthawaddy by land and encamped in the army Pyi-lon-aung-htin.

From there he encamped four places to reach Toungoo. When he arrived to Ketumadi his younger brother king Minkaung addressed to him and said that the kingdom of Ava (Yadanapura) was very strong with elephants, horses, and soldiers because it was supported by sawbwa of the whole Shan states. Not only that it was also surrounded by water that the suppression of it would be much harder. It would be appropriate only when they could suppress it within four or five months bravely. If they were going to be there right up to the months of Waso and Wakaung (i.e. in the middle of the raining season) there would be a flood else were that it would be very hard to carry out the mission. Not only that Yamethin, Wadi, Yindaw, Leintet, Nyaungyan and the rest were very strong cities only.

The cities which were located in the northern ranges also strong cities only. It would be easy for them only when suppress them very bravely and strenuouosly. Their marching right now also should be done in three directions by forming into three groups. Then only would they capture all the cities and villages which were located in the southern region. Thus his younger brother king Minkaung addressed him like that.

UKII:245 When they arrived to Toungoo they marched to Ava along three paths

His majesty the king was marching from the hind path together with 10 armies in which were included also 4 horse armies wherever they encamped he celebrated public public entertainments. From Taungtwingyi they went down to Pagan by passing beside Kyautpadaung. When they arrived there hey encamped at the northern part of Pagan. He went to pay homage to Shweisikon pagoda and there appointed his uncle Minsitu to repair all those parts that had fallen off of the pagoda itself especially right at the umbrella resting place by giving 25 viss of silver.

His younger brother Minkaung king of Toungoo together with his seven armies marched from the front path by passing beside Yamethin. Those governors from Yamethin, Wadi, Yindaw, Laingtet, and Nyaungyan since they dare not resist from their towns, they ran away together with all their troops to Ava to unite with there with the rest. King Minkaung and his seven troops by capturing all elephants, horses, buffaloes, and soldiers they marched forward again . When they arrived at the mountain of Pinya in the army called Yanaungmyin they encamped there by building strong resisting battalions they waited for the arrival of their king there.

When his younger brother Minyekyawtin marched from the middle path the governors of Pintale and Pyinsi ran away to Ava together with all their troops because they dare not resist from their own towns. Min yekyawhtin and his seven troops by capturing all those elephants, horses, soldiers, and people, they marched forwards again. When they arrived to Pinya mountain in the army called Yan Aung Myin He met his elder brother and encamped there.

When his younger brother Minyekyawtin was arriving the elder brother king Minkaung by summoning all the generals and ministers he told them that the king had already arrived to Pagan by marching from the western path.

By combining with the navy troops of his younger brother Thadodammayaza they would be capturing western and northern areas. He did not even call both of them. Because of that they would not stay there for long. They would either march to Yadanapura to suppress it or they would march to the king’s troops to reunite with him again. Thus he asked their opinions about his proposals.

Meanwhile his younger brother Minyekyawtin said that they were appointed to fight against his enemies, they were not appointed to remain doing nothing. Because of that they should march to Ava and attack them.

When Banyalaw heard that Minyekyawtin was speaking about he said his lord speaking about was purely just war affairs. Whatever it be, what they had to suppress now was not very urgent and not the matter that was to kill the commandoes or heroes of the frontier. Since Narapatisithu king of Ava was supported by the nine states of Shans, he had a lot of elephants, horses, and soldiers. They had a lot of arms and ammunition in the town. It would be appropriate only they suppress it unanimously both by water and by land only when the king arrived. Because of that they would remain there together with their troops. If they were attacked coming out of the city then they would fight them back. If they were not coming out, they would remain there by reinforcing their troops. Majors and generals since all of them were pleased by Banyalaw’s speech they remained there for the king Kinkaung himself was pleased by this idea.

UKII:246 They overcame the attacking from Ava

While they were remaining there, Narapati king of Ava together with his 100 elephants, two thousand horses, and 40,000 soldiers came to attack them. The king’s younger brother Minyekyawtin together with his seven armies reattacked back that the cavalry of Ava routed. After the cavalry had been routed, they resisted with their elephants. Minyekyawtin riding his elephant Tanmyinswa made an attack that the enemies advanced troops were destroyed. When the advanced troops were ruined, the four armies led by Yazatinkyan, Banyakyanhtaw, Thirizeya Nawrata, and Tamein paran pursued them Ava made thte retreat first. They captured the minister of Mohnyin sawbwa named patalon togther with over 30 horses. Once again together with many elephants, horses, and soldiers, they came out until reaching Pinya town that king Minkaung and Minyekyawtin together with four horse armies and ten elephant troops they made an attack again. When Shan people saw the strength of the other side, they retreated very violently for they dare not resist against them. They made a pursuit until Tada-oo . Then they followed right up to Ava but they could not approach the town because there were huge arms and ammunitions in the town. They came back to their own army.

When his younger brother Thadodammayaza’s boat armies arrived the king told them to capture Myaungtu Pakangyi that boat soldiers had to go up ahead of time. Then only from Pagan marching towards Lethtut and crossed over to the village called Kun village from Kun village they marched to Pakangyi. When the governor of Pakan heard that the king was marching both by water and land together with his big troops, he ran away to Mohnyin sawbwa by appointing all his troops to remain in the town because he was afraid to be there.

The king appointed his younger brother Thadodammayaza’s boat armies to go up into the Chindwin river to conquer Amyin, Badon, Kamni, and the rest. As regards to theking himself, he ordered to seize the city of Pakan so urgently that when they got it, he appointed Yan Aung Bilu and Shwe lei mu to look after it carefully by giving quite strng forces he crossed over to Kyatkatwaya from Pakanyi soon after staying about seven days in Paritma he helped out his younger brother’s boat armies.

While his younger brother Thadodammayaza and the rest entered into the mouth of the Chindwin river t suppress Amyin the governor of Amyin called Tinkaya came to surrender by bringing big elephants, horses, sons, daughters, and many other things as gifts because he presumed he would that he would not be able to escape even if he ran away. Yazathinkyan the governor of Padong while he was resisting from his town together with this armed forces he was captured together with his whole town because when his younger brother Thadodammayaza’s boat armies arrived there they fought very bravely. Then only they sent away Yazathinkyan together with his wives, sons, and daughters to Paritma where the king was staying with his troops.

Soon after appointing people to look after the town of Badon and when it was dawn they marched to Kamni very violently. The Kamni governor came to surrender together with two big elephants sons, daughters, and many other presents because he was afraid to be killed. His younger brother Thadodammayaza king of Prome sent Kamni governor together with his sons and daughters to the king rather quickly. Then only he appointed Tayeputnya and Sandayawda to remain in Kamni to look after it together with armed forces. Then he followed after the king rather quickly because he was called by the king to do so. He met with the king only when they arrived in the village called Myaung when his younger brother and troops reunited with him, the king marched to Sagaing which was located In their northern side by crossing beside Myin-mu. They did such by combing both water and land troops.

When they crossed over the river the governor of Sagaing ran away to Mohnyin because he dare not resist against them when they arrived to Sagaing. Soon after arranging all his troops, i.e. both by water and land to be in proper order he sent his messengers to his younger brothers, king Minkaung and Minyekyawtin together with all their 14 armies to march to Ava by spreading their frontier lines.

UKII:247 Toungoo Kaung Minye kyawhtin and all the rest make an attack on Ava

His younger brothers king Minkaung, Minyekyawtin and the rest when the day appointed by the king arrived, they asked to harness all their animals. Soon after arranging all their troops they marched to Ava by spreading their frontier lines. At that time king Minkaung was riding on his elephant named Sawyannein. Tamein Tanlait was riding on the elephant named Ngayetnwe, sithukyawtin was riding the elephant was riding on Nagawara, Tameinyetinyan was riding Shwelaman, Tameinparan was riding on Paleinswe, Thiritzeyanawrata was riding Yadanapyaung. U Banyakyanhtaw was riding on Zeyatataroot, Yazatinkyan was riding on Yelulin. Together with two horse armies and seven armies they had to march along the western path thus they marched to Ava from Makyisinteh. Thus they ordered two horse armies to march first to begin their fighting. The king of Ava Narapatisitu came to attack Minyekyawtu’;s horse armies by sending his 100 fighting elephants and over thrre thousand horsemen from the town. The horsemen tried to resist them for quite a while. Meanwhile Tamein Paran was fighting on his elephants named Pahinswehtu by setting off the elephant Banyakyantawby riding on the elephant named Zeyatattaruthe fought against them. Shans from Ava were amazed and terrified. Meanwhile Minyekyawtin by riding his elephant named Tanmyinswa fought very severely together with three thousand soldiers who were holding long spears (as long as the height of an elephant). Shan troops were divided into two groups When Thirizeyanawyata saw that the Shans were divided into two groups by riding on his elephant named Yadanapyaungkyaw he fought after them. Yazatinkyan was doing the same thing by riding on his elephant named Yehlutlin. Since Shan troops were being destroyed they ran away into the town. They captured seven elephants over thirty horses, and over 400 hundred captives. Then only did they build their regiments around. Lon-pauk-daw.

King Minkaung and the rest of them were being attacked by eighty elephants and 2000 horsemen from the place called Tandaoo. Tamein Tan-laik was riding on Ngayetnwe and Sithukyawhtin was riding on Nagawara. By opening up their elephant striking rods they fought amidst the horsemen groups that four to five horses of the Shans fell down there. Shan elephant troops were petrified there. Meanwhile king Minkaung by riding on his elephant named Sawyannin , Tamein yetinyan was riding on Swelaman, Bayacamanit by riding on Matinpyaungmong, they made when they attacked the Shan people, their soldiers were forced to be in disorder that they were split into many sub-groups. When their cavalry pursued after them, they were destroyed again. They captured over fifty horses and over two hundred captives. The minister of Mogaung sawbwa called Cupkyoswa was captured together with his elephant. Then only did they build their regiments by circling the mountain named Taungbilupratkama.

UKII:248 The taking of Ava

His majesty the king from Sagaing by crossing over to Shwekyetyet he encamped there, i.e. the eastern part of Ava. The king ordered his younger brother Thadodammayaza’s boat soldiers (navies) to cross over to Ava from Sagaing and encircle Ava both by water and by land. Then only starting from the king of Ava Narapatisitu and the whole town were terrified very strongly like fish caught in a fish trap. All those soldiers who were filled with courage tried to approach near to Ava city itself very closely. The elephant riders tried to dash the gates of the town. Horsemen by riding on their horses they carried ladders and approached to he town that they climbed over the city from their ladders. Infantries also dug under the wall by holding their spades or shovels. When they suppressed like that, the kingdom called Yadanapura Ava could not resist them anymore that it felt entirely under the king in the year 916 (1554) on the 4th waning moon of Tabottwet on Sunday beforethe sun was setting. As regards to the king of Ava Narapatisitu around evening twilight he ran away from the town together with his five slaves. Meanwhile the Onpaung sawbwa was coming to help him. Before they arrived when he heard that they were encamping at the place called Sinkaung he went over there. In Metkaya when they were seen by people from the king’s side they caught them and sent them away to the place where his majesty the king was dwelling and handed over to him. When the king saw Narapatisithu because he felt pity upon him that he gave overthirty males and females to be his attendants thus keeping him properly by taking oath that he be loyal and faithful to the king.

Since the king was pleased by the chief of the gatekeepers who captured Narapatisithu and handed over to him that he awarded him with the title Myintilat together with Panan village , a very beautiful sword, good basoes, clothing, bronze, and paddy. Also appointed to be followers of his younger brother Minyekyawtin by handing over to to him. Then only by building his royal house at the sight of Taungbilu and remained there. Soon afer building his house he summoned all the leaders, generals, and the rest both from the water and by land. And thus interrogate them properly whom were really did excellently in battle. Then he awarded them as it would be appropriate for them to receive such as titles, villages, small villages, his own royal cups, pans, etc. Ava was given to his younger brother Minyekyawtin by entitling him as Thadominsaw. He was given four empty palanquins made of gold, elephant’s palanquin filled with gold, seven drums together with full sets of trumpets, and wind instruments (ne) etc. He was given also all those elephants, horses, and soldiers which were in Ava.

Governor of Pyinta called Tayesitu was given with the town called Sagaing by appointing him to be chief of two thousand horses team’s chief which was in the northern part.

Onpaung sawbwa together with his big troops marched to Ava to help Narapati. When he heard that the king had already taken Ava by circling around the town he encamped at Sinkaungwet because he was afraid to come down . When he heard that the king was marching again with his big troops he went back to Onpaung with his armies.

UKII:249 How they captured the town Singu

The Onpaung sawbwa Konmaing’s son was ruling over Singu with big troops. When Ava was ruined, he ran away to Singu. He repaired again fortified city walls, moats, canals, breast work of earth and fence or palisade outside of the fortification. When the king heard about all these things he ordered his younger brother Thadodammayaza and Banyalaw, Banyakyanhtaw, Banyadala to march by water to suppress Singu. His younger brother Thadodammayaza and all the rest marched to singu by water almost filling the whole river and when they arrived there he ordered half of his troops to climb over the land thus they suppressed it both by navy and by land very bravely. When they could not resist it was ruined. He was captured together with his wives, sisters, sons, and daughters. When they captured the whole city, all the soldiers had to confiscate elephants, horses, people, gold, silver, bronze, iron, clothing. There was no one who did not get something. From all these things, elephants, horses, people, and arms and ammunition were confiscated back again. Apart from these, the rest had to be taken away by the person who captured them. Then only by appointing Thetdawshei (long life minister) to look after the town by giving him strong troops, his younger brother Thadodammayaza and navies had to go back to Ava because they were called by the king.

UKII:250 Discussions about the internal affairs of the country

Mogaung sawbwa, Mohnyin sawbwa, and Kalei sawbwa were coming with their huge troops to help Ava. When they arrived to the town called Tawatein when they heard about the news that Ava was ruined they encamped there. When the king heard about all these things that three sawbwa were resisting from the town called Thwatein he summoned his younger brothers sons and generals and ministers and asked them which would be more appropriate i.e. just appointing them to march to Tawatein of the king himself going to march with them.

When they heard what the king was asking Banyalaw addressed him and said that it would not be appropriate just to appoint his younger brothers son generals, ministers, and ther rest to go and attack those three sawbwa and their troops who were resisting from Tawatein. The place also happened to be the native place of the sawbwas. The rainy season was almost approaching. Only when mighty king like him marched together and suppressed very bravely his younger brothers son, generals and leaders would try their best In the way of endeavouring to overcome such difficulty. In another way since they had known many times about the capabilities of the Shans when his younger brother encircled Prome in the past even if they were going to march he presumed that they would not be daring to resist them. Because of all these, his younger brother Thadodammayaza’s boat armies should be appointed to wait from Upper Sanpenago kyannyat by marching right up to there. If they were going to arrange like that those Sawbwas would be puzzled in their frontier attackings. When Thadodammayaza heard what Banyalaw was speaking about he said that it would be more appropriate only when the king was going to march with them. The suppression itself would become easier . As regards his boat armies, by marching right up to to Sanpenago Kyan nyat they would remain there as long as they were gaining in the battle. Only when they were losing the battle, their boat armies would combine with those who were on land. Since his majesty the king was pleased by what Banyalaw addressed to him he ordered his elephants horses and troops to cross over to Sagaing on rafts when all the troops were already at the other side king Minkaung had to march from the western path together with his seven armies her included one horse army.

As regards to younger brother Thadominsaw king of Ava they had to march from the eastern path together with his seven armies and here included two horse armies. The king ordered four horse armies to march from his front areas. Together with his troops which were made of saeven armies he marched from the middle path his younger brother Thadodammayza’s boat armies were ordered to march to the northern side together with the king on the same day (after reaching the northern side they were to have separated) and at the same time i.e. in the year 916 15545 Saturday the 9th waxing moon of Tabaung. From Sagaing they encamped at Saye from Saye they encamped in the village called Myinkan. From Myinkan they they encamped at the place called Inpeh. From Innpeh they encamped at at Haling. From Haling they encamped five places to reach Tawatein . Whenever they encamped they celebrated a sort of public entertainment (a feast was held for the soldiers).

UKII:251 The capturing of the three sawbwas by attacking

At the last stage before arriving at Tawatein from there he ordered Letweiyetaing and four thousand cavalry to make a test march. The three sawbwas were coming to welcome them together with over founr thousand cavalry. Letyeweitaing and all the rest when they saw the Shan people were coming they fought them by splitting into three groups without having any hindrance. Shans were destroyed. They got five elephants over one hundred horses and over 300 people. Many died there. All the horsemen tried to pursue the Shans until they marched right up to the base of Tawatein. When those three sawbwas horse armies were ruined they ran away from the town thus retreated very violently because they were afraid to resist from the town.

While the king was marching from behind them his two younger brothers who marched from the western side also arriving that all those three paths were reunited and marched together but they could not reach the battle. They encamped there by capturing all those left over viz elephants, horses, and people. At that time the governor of Pakan who ran away came to surrender there by bringing his sons, daughters, big horses, and big elephants along with him. The governor of Dipeyin who was brother in law of Mohnyin sawbwa came to surrender by presenting his big horses, big elephants, sons and daughters as gifts , governor of Si-bok-taya also came to surrender by bringing along a lot of gifts, ammunition, sons, and daughters.

As regards to the Mogaung sawbwa. Mohnyin sawbwa, and the Kalei sawbwa when they ran away from Tawatein and arrived at the city named Myedu they remained there by building strong regiments. The nephew of the Mohnyin sawbwa, the governor of Wuntho was appointed to resist with his strong troops from the village called Tase. When the king heard about all these things he marched from Tawatein to Myetu. When they arrived to the place called Inpat he ordered his younger brother Thadominsaw together with his seven armies to attack the governor of Wuntho who was resisting from Tase. Thadominsawn and companions when they arrived to Tase village they fought very bravely without having hindrance, their armies were destroyed since they could not resist against them. Then they ran away to Myetu to be reunited with their three sawbwa.

His younger brother Thadominsaw king of ava made a pursuit after them when Minkaung king of Toungoo and his seven armies were arriving there. Then those three sawbwas retreated very violently by pretending to resist against them. The king of Ava Thadominsaw all those fourteen armies tried to reach after them, thus making attack with their elephants. The all three sawbwa troops were destroyed. They captured seven elephants over three hundred horses and over three thousand people. Many died there. While the king was marching from behind them, when he arrived at Myetu he encamped there with all his troops.

UKII:252 Appointing governors of cities in northern part

In the evening he summoned his younger brother king Minkaung and the rest of his generals, ministers, and leaders to his royal tent and asked their opinion in these ways saying whether it would be appropriate for him to march right up to Mogaung , Mohnyin, and Kalei. Now they had already conquered the whole of Myanmar states. Would it be appropriate just appointing upon all these cities with their respective governors by reinforcing all those cities. These were questions raised by the king. Tirizeyanawratha addressed to the king saying that the rainy season was almost arriving already. As regards to the whole Shan states there were big streams, valleys, cliffs, and mountains. When the rain fell it would be very hard for elephants and horses to travel about. There would be great destructions. In their conquest since the whole of the Myanmar states were already involved starting from Yadanapura it was a rare case to happen so. Because of all of these things, this time they should go back by appointing governors of cities and towns i.e. strengthening their forces from there. Going back like that , they would be able to fill up soldiers, elephants, horses, thus when they would make a marching again when the rainy season was over he presumed that those three sawbwas would not be able to escape from the king’s royal hands.

When Thirizeyanawratha heard what Banyadala was speaking about he said that it was an appropriate suggestion. He said that Shans had already known about their capabilities and they also knew Shan capabilities. If they would march again at the end of the rainy season he presumed that those three sawbwas would not be able to escape from them. Thus he addressed in that way.

The king was pleased by what Thirizeyanawratha was speaking about that he appointed Thetdawsheikyawtin to be governor of Myetu to look after it by handling over him twenty elephants, two hundred horses, and three thousand soldiers. He also gave all those cities, towns, and villages neighboring to Myetu under the care of Thetsheikyawtin’s relatives and friends.

The king gave Pakangyi to the governor of Dipeyin the brother in law of the Mohnyin sawbwa by giving the oath of allegiance. He was also entitled with the name Tihapatei and given many gifts such as teapot, the cover of a water jug, (a long-necked earthenware jar), spittoon, red umbrella, nayungywethonbin = windchime ( a small plate of metal suspended from the tongue of small bell and exposed to the action of the wind such a kind fixed upon each other up to three).

As regards to the governor of Pakangyi, he was given the town of Myethet by giving the oath of allegiance. Together with the title Zeyatinkyan he was given a betel box, tea pot, cover of a water jug, spittoon, red umbrella, Nyaungywet nit hsin ( a thin plate of metal in the form of Banyan leaves suspended from the tongue of a small bell and exposed to the action of the wind – thus fixed one upon another up to two).

The governor of Si-bok-taya who was the nephew of Mohnyin sawbwa had to receive the oath of allegiance thus together with the title of Tinkaya he was given the town called Badon, a betel box, tea pot, cover of a water jug, spittoon, red umbrella, and Banyan leaves (see def above).

As regards to the city called Si-bok-taya it was given under the care of Zeyahtilaing together with one hundred fighting elephants, 1000 horses. Thus he had to remain there very strongly.

For those who used to govern Kani and Amyin they had to govern there as before by receiving the oath of allegiance.

Soon after arranging all these he called back his younger brother Thadodammayaza and those four armies. Thadodammayaza and all the rest made violent suppressions that they captured many cities viz. San-pe-nago, Kyan-nyut, Tagaung, Kyun-taung, and Myat-taung. When they arrived to Htikyaing they fought against the governor of Hti Kyaing who resisted against them. The governor of Hti-kyaing was killed. By capturing the whole city when they arrived back to Ava they presented all these to the king as their gifts, i.e. elephants, horses, and captives. The king also going back to Ava from Myetu thus arriving there on Saturday 2nd waxing moon of Kasone in the year 917 (1555). By staying in his royal tent called Taungbilu he awarded to all those generals and ministers who fought bravely and outstandingly i.e. both from navy and land accordingly viz titles, regalia, and villages. Soon after arranging like that he went back from Ava to Hanthawaddy within that year on Thursday 5th waning moon of Kasone in the year 1555 (917) he arrived to Hanthawaddy on Friday the first waning moon of Nayon.

In the historical book called Ayeidawpon they were mentioning as if his royal son Mahaupayaza was accompanying his father the king when the king was going to suppress Yadanapura. He was not there. In broader historical events, they say he was appointed to look after the town only.

When the king’s desire for conquering Yadanapura was fulfilled the king’s royal son Minletya was appointed to look after the city. Thus it was mentioned like that in the historical book named PonnayazaByathana. It was not so. In the historical book named Tetkayitpon they mentioned that whent the king conquered it, he gave it to his younger brother Minyekyawtin by entitling him as Thadominsaw in the year 916 (1554) on Tuesday i.e. 12th waning moon of Tabodwe.